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REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1567459
This article is part of the Research TopicHost Dynamics and Immune Evasion: Delineating the Influence of RNA and DNA VirusesView all 4 articles
Interferon and Immunity: The Role of MicroRNA in Viral Evasion Strategies
Provisionally accepted- 1Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 2Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Interferons (IFNs) are indispensable innate antiviral cytokines that orchestrate the vertebrate immune response against viral incursions. Nearly every cell possesses the remarkable ability to release IFNs upon detecting viral threats, triggering a robust signaling cascade that alerts neighboring cells and halts viral propagation via paracrine communication. The intricate influence of IFNs is mediated by an extensive network of proteins activated through the Jak-STAT pathways, facilitating the swift transcription of over 300 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that fortify cellular defenses against replication. However, the cunning nature of viruses has led to the evolution of sophisticated evasion strategies, notably through the manipulation of host microRNAs (miRNAs) that disrupt vital components of the IFN signaling machinery. This review delves into the intricate interplay between viral infections and both host-and viral-derived miRNAs, exploring their potent roles in modulating RIG-I-like receptors, Toll-like receptors, IFN receptors, and the JAK/STAT pathway, ultimately shaping the landscape of antiviral immunity.
Keywords: microRNA, virus, interferon, innate immune response, Viral-encoded miRNA
Received: 27 Jan 2025; Accepted: 26 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bayat, Rahil-Samiei, NAGHILI and Sadri Nahand. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Javid Sadri Nahand, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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