REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.

Sec. Inflammation

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1561946

This article is part of the Research TopicThromboinflammation in COVID-19: Unraveling Pathomechanisms and Post-Infection SequelaeView all 12 articles

Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury

Provisionally accepted
Zhaoqing LiZhaoqing Li1Luning QinLuning Qin1Xiaojian XuXiaojian Xu1Ruolan ChenRuolan Chen1Guoliang ZhangGuoliang Zhang1Bnaghui WangBnaghui Wang1Bing LiBing Li2,3Xian-Ming ChuXian-Ming Chu1,4*
  • 1Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
  • 2Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
  • 3Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Haici Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
  • 4The affiliated cardiovascular hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed significant healthcare challenges. In addition to respiratory complications, it has led to severe damage in other organs, particularly the cardiovascular system. Of which, myocardial injury is increasingly recognized as a most significant complication, contributing to the high mortality. Recent research indicates the pivotal role of immune dysregulation in mediating myocardial injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the immune mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced myocardial damage, focusing on the roles of key immune cells and molecules that contribute to this pathological process. Aiming at mitigating the myocardial injury of COVID-19, we review immune-based treatments under evaluation in preclinical and clinical trials. Along with talking about the similarities and differences in myocardial injury resulting from SARS-CoV-2, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This article provides a unique perspective on using past experiences to prevent myocardial injury in the face of ongoing virus mutations.

Keywords: Myocardial injury, Immunity, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Therapeutics, cardiovascular

Received: 16 Jan 2025; Accepted: 23 Apr 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Li, Qin, Xu, Chen, Zhang, Wang, Li and Chu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Xian-Ming Chu, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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