Editorial: Immunomodulatory effect of Nutrients on intestinal disorders and immunity

Yi Wang Ang Li Yaozhong Hu ^*

• School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

Nutrition and immunity have emerged as active research areas within basic nutrition science, representing an interdisciplinary field bridging nutrition and immunology. While traditional immunology focuses on the immune system's defense against exogenous substances, research on nutrition and immunity explores the relationship between dietary nutrients, dietary factors, nutritional status, and immune system function. Related research extends further to examine the immune-mediated effects and interventions of nutrients on homeostasis and diseases 1 . Dietary nutritional components include macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), and dietary additives such as flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds. The promising focus has been raised to conduct multidimensional studies to investigate the immunomodulatory functions and disease intervention effects of various dietary nutritional components 2 . It's critical to elucidate the interactions between dietary components and the immune system, as well as the intermediated roles in both health and disease. The identification of molecular mechanisms on nutritional immunoregulatory effects from a genetic perspective underpins the foundation of the multidisciplinary research, to improve immune system function through nutritional interventions, ultimately promoting health and well-being.The research relies on the exploration of the interactions between dietary components and gut microbiota in the context of gut immunity, energy metabolism, and systemic immunity, which could systematically investigate the secretion and metabolic patterns of functional components like dietary functional factors, and nutrients, along with their health effects 3 . For example, the research on infant immunity are expected to be proposed to comprehensively examine the dynamic changes of nutrient human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and probiotics in breast milk across different stages of pregnancy, elucidating their mechanisms in regulating gut immunity. Moreover, the bioactive mechanisms of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota, intestinal homeostasis, and systemic inflammation are the intense field for dietary intervention.The study is proposed to investigate the individual differences in the metabolism and health effects of plant compounds. Focusing on energy metabolism and neurodegeneration, it is promising to evaluate the non-nutritional bioactivities of dietary nutrients and their efficacy in chronic disease interventions. The interaction of gut metabolism and immune function require the systematically investigates on the interaction mechanisms and health effects of dietary functional factors, such as prebiotics and probiotics [4][5] . It is helpful to elucidate the immune regulatory functions of dietary components and their roles in maintaining systemic health homeostasis 6 . By exploring the regulatory effects and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols and probiotics on innate and adaptive immunity, the research establishes health intervention effects based on the interactions between gut metabolism and the host system. It further clarifies the metabolic differences and application characteristics of specific metabolites. The studies are addressed to examine the immune regulatory functions of dietary components in mediating chronic disease and provides a systematic analysis of the immune-enhancing effects, offering a scientific basis and data support for dietary-based immune regulation and immunity-based precision interventions.As the increased concern on aging and aging related dysbiosis, it's critical to focus on the nutrient mediated intervention on healthy aging, and restore of aging related diseases [7][8] . Moreover, immune aging drives the functional decline of multiple systems and organs, which is closely related to systemic inflammation, repeated infection, and age-related diseases in elderly individuals, and thus delaying immune aging is essential to prevent aging-related diseases and contribute to healthy aging 9 . Studies have found that varied nutrients can contribute the restore of immune aging, like the supplement of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), which can significantly alleviate age-related osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and systemic oxidative stress 10 . It is speculated to emphasize the mechanism related to the immune aging. Anyhow, it is promising and important to extend the basic research on immunology, and investigate the results about nutritional immunology, to provide novel intervention strategies for health and diseases through their immunomodulatory effect.