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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Inflammation
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1551122
This article is part of the Research Topic Role of bioinformatics and AI in understanding inflammation and immune microenvironment dynamics View all articles

Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Provisionally accepted
Zhe Peng Zhe Peng Gang Zhou Gang Zhou *
  • Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China, Chongqing, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has primarily affected adults, with children representing a smaller proportion of cases. However, the escalation of the pandemic has led to a notable increase in pediatric cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The pathogenesis of MIS-C is largely attributed to immune-mediated mechanisms, such as cytokine storms and endothelial damage, following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we comprehensively describe MIS-C, including its definitions as proposed by the CDC, WHO, and RCPCH, which emphasize persistent fever, excessive inflammatory responses, and multi-organ involvement. Additionally, we summarize current treatment approaches, prioritizing immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, along with anticoagulation therapy, and monoclonal antibodies in severe cases.

    Keywords: MIS-C, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Multisystem inflammatory syndrome, pediatric, kawasaki disease, Immunotherapy, diagnosis

    Received: 24 Dec 2024; Accepted: 24 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Peng and Zhou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Gang Zhou, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404100, China, Chongqing, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.