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REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1550660
Controversies and insights into cytokine regulation of neurogenesis and behavior in adult rodents
Provisionally accepted
Rodrigo-Daniel Sepúlveda-Cuéllar 1,2
Diego Alberto Soria-Medina 2,3
Irma Cañedo 4
Fernando Gómez-Chávez 5
Liliana Monserrat Molina- López 2
María-Yolanda Cruz-Martínez 2
Dolores Correa 2,6*- 1 Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico, Mexico
- 3 Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
- 4 Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental. Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México, Mexico
- 5 Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Mexico
- 6 Anahuac University of North Mexico, Huixquilucan de Degollado, Mexico
Adult learning, memory, and social interaction partially depend on neurogenesis in two regions: the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. There is evidence that the immune system is important for these processes in pathological situations, but there is no review of its role in non-pathological or near-physiological conditions.Although further research is warranted in this area, some conclusions can be drawn. Intrusive LyC6hi monocytes and autoreactive CD4+ T cells have a positive impact on neurogenesis and behavior, but the latter are deleterious if specific to external antigens. Mildly activated microglia play a crucial role in promoting these processes, by eliminating apoptotic neuronal progenitors and producing low levels of interleukins, which increase if the cells are activated, leading to inhibition of neurogenesis. Chemokines are poorly studied, but progenitor cells and neurons express their receptors, which appear important for migration and maturation. The few works that jointly analyzed neurogenesis and behavior showed congruent effects of immune cells and cytokines. In conclusion, the immune system components -mostly local-seem of utmost importance for the control of behavior under non-pathological conditions.
Keywords: cytokine, Hippocampus, Immune System, Neurogenesis, Olfactory Bulb, Social Behavior, Subventricular zone
Received: 23 Dec 2024; Accepted: 24 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Sepúlveda-Cuéllar, Soria-Medina, Cañedo, Gómez-Chávez, Molina- López, Cruz-Martínez and Correa. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Dolores Correa, Anahuac University of North Mexico, Huixquilucan de Degollado, Mexico
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