REVIEW article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1550003
This article is part of the Research TopicModulating the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Insights into Cancer Cell MigrationView all articles
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells stateimplications for various breast cancer subtypes
Provisionally accepted
- 1Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- 2Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- 3Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Breast cancer presents a variety of subtypes due to its cellular and molecular heterogeneity. The capacity of cancer cells to proliferate, invade, and metastasize depends not only on their intrinsic characters but also on their dynamic interaction with the host tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes immune cells.Meanwhile, the infiltration of immune cells in the TME severely affects the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer. Therefore, this review aims to explore the immune invasive tumor microenvironment in different intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer. Additionally, it highlights the mechanistic influence of the infiltrating immune cells on stage-wise dynamics of breast tumorigenesis. Moreover, the present review also attempts to discern the regulatory relationship between tumor infiltrating immune cells and immune microenvironment in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, thus, spotlighting its clinical significance.
Keywords: Immune cell(s) infiltration, Molecular subtypes, Tumor microenvironment (TME), breast cancer, Clinical significance
Received: 22 Dec 2024; Accepted: 24 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Xu, Zhang, Qadir, Yuan and Ye. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Ting Ye, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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