Case Report: Severe Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Following Zuberitamab Treatment in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Qian Yang ¹ Peng Ding ² Yuxiang Liu ¹ Kaichen Zhang ² Peiyang Gao ^2*

• ¹ School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinses Medicine, Chengdu, China
• ² Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China

The pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA) remains incompletely understood, typically associated with immune dysfunction and the production of autoantibodies. Zuberitamab is a novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, and anti-CD20 antibody treatment represents an important strategy for managing autoimmune diseases. In this report, we present the first case of a patient diagnosed with AIHA who experienced significant immunosuppression, lymphopenia, and B-cell depletion following zuberitamab treatment, ultimately developing severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia(PJP). This case highlights the complexities of B-cell-targeted immunotherapy and underscores the necessity of close monitoring of immune status in patients receiving zuberitamab or other targeted immunotherapies to mitigate the risk of severe immune-related adverse events.