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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1543626
This article is part of the Research Topic Innovative Immunological Strategies for Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance and Enhancing Vaccine Development View all articles
Regulatory cytokines modulate early isotype-specific response associated with COVID-19 survival
Provisionally accepted
Sebastián Castro-Trujillo 1 Juanita Castro-Meneses 1,2 María Clemencia Rojas 3 Marcela Castro- Amaya 4,5 Giovani Lastra 4,6
Carlos Fernando Narváez 1,4*- 1 División de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana., Neiva, Colombia
- 2 Programa de Biología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
- 3 Secretaría de Salud Departamental, Gobernación del Huila., Neiva, Colombia
- 4 Programa de Medicina, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Colombia
- 5 Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Neiva, Neiva, Colombia
- 6 Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Neiva, Neiva, Colombia
Identifying immune markers driving early and effective antibody response in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 is critical due to the threat of future coronavirus pandemics, incomplete global vaccination, and suboptimal booster coverage. Patients with life-threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are characterized by dysregulated thromboinflammation and cytokine storm that could influence the isotype virus-specific antibody response and the subsequent clinical outcome. We investigated the association between COVID-19related mortality with the dynamics, magnitude, and relative avidity of nucleoprotein (N), spike (S), and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG in circulation. We also assessed the relationship between the virus-specific antibody responses and cytokine patterns, as well as systemic and pulmonary thromboinflammation markers.This multicenter study included COVID-19 patients hospitalized early in the pandemic, classified as survivors (n=62) and non-survivors (n=17). We developed indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to evaluate each virus-specific isotype using well-characterized outpatient COVID-19 (n=180) and pre-pandemic cohorts (n=111). The pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as the regulatory IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNFRI) levels were evaluated.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, TGF-1, IgM, IgA, IgG, RBD, Spike
Received: 07 Feb 2025; Accepted: 01 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Castro-Trujillo, Castro-Meneses, Rojas, Castro- Amaya, Lastra and Narváez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Carlos Fernando Narváez, División de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana., Neiva, Colombia
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