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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1528690
This article is part of the Research Topic Advancement of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Predictive Markers, Resistance Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies View all 3 articles

The Association of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index with Incident Breast Cancer and All-Cause Mortality: Evidence from a Large Population-Based Study

Provisionally accepted
Yu Li Yu Li 1Meng Yu Meng Yu 2Ming Yang Ming Yang 2*Jingqi Yang Jingqi Yang 2*
  • 1 Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, China
  • 2 Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation is recognized as a significant factor in various health outcomes, including the development and progression of breast cancer. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), a novel marker derived from routine blood counts, has been suggested as a predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. However, its predictive value in a nationwide representative population, particularly for breast cancer incidence and mortality, is not well-established. Methods: This study aimed to assess the association of SII and the risk of breast cancer incidence and all-cause mortality in breast cancer patients within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. SII was calculated from complete blood count parameters. We used multifactor regression models to examine the associations between SII and the outcomes of interest. Results: A total of 21,058 female participants were included in the study, of which 557 (2.7%) were identified as having breast cancer. After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, the relationship between SII and the incidence of breast cancer revealed an inverse L-shaped association. The optimal inflection point for SII/100 was determined to be 5.09. Below this threshold, there was a significant increase in the risk of breast cancer (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09). Within the breast cancer population, SII exhibited a J-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality. The optimal inflection point for SII/100 in this context was 5.22, and above this threshold, there was a marked escalation in all-cause mortality (HR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). Conclusion: The SII, as a novel inflammatory composite index, is significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer incidence and all-cause mortality in breast cancer patients. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring systemic inflammation and suggest that SII could serve as a valuable prognostic tool.

    Keywords: systemic immune-inflammation index, breast cancer, All-cause mortality, Nonlinear relationship, nhaens

    Received: 15 Nov 2024; Accepted: 08 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Li, Yu, Yang and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Ming Yang, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
    Jingqi Yang, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.