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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Parasite Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1509984

Exploring the exoproteome of the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex (s. s.) and its impact on the human hostan in vitro cross-talk proteomic approach

Provisionally accepted
Robert Stryiński Robert Stryiński 1*Ewa Fiedorowicz Ewa Fiedorowicz 1Jesús Mateos Jesús Mateos 2Aneta Andronowska Aneta Andronowska 3Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat 1MONICA CARRERA MONICA CARRERA 4
  • 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
  • 2 Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
  • 3 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian, Poland
  • 4 Institute of Marine Research, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Madrid, Spain

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s. s.) is one of the most widespread parasitic nematodes of marine organisms, with humans as accidental hosts. While many studies have explored nematode biology and host interactions, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as signaling molecules in parasitic nematodes is less understood. Therefore, the proteins present in the EVs of A. simplex (s. s.) (Anis-EVs) were identified. In addition, a cross-talk proteomic approach was used to identify differentially regulated proteins (DRPs) in the proteome of the human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2) co-cultured with L3 larvae of A. simplex (s. s.) or directly exposed to two concentrations (low or high) of Anis-EVs. In addition, DRPs were identified in the proteome of A. simplex (s. s.) larvae affected by co-culture with Caco-2. To achieve this goal, the shotgun proteomics method based on isobaric mass labeling (via tandem mass tags TMT) was used with a combination of nano high-performance liquid chromatography (nLC) coupled with an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. In addition, ELISA assays were used to demonstrate if Caco-2 respond to A. simplex s.s. larvae and Anis-EVs with significant changes in selected cytokines secretion. The results of this study indicate the anti-inflammatory character of Anis-EVs in relation to Caco-2. At the same time, direct treatment with Anis-EVs resulted in more significant changes in the Caco-2 proteome than co-culture with L3 larvae. The results obtained should lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of A. simplex (s. s.) infection in humans and will complement the existing knowledge on the role of EVs in host-parasite communication.

    Keywords: Anisakis simplex, Caco-2 cell line, extracellular vesicles, Parasite-host interactions, Proteomics

    Received: 11 Oct 2024; Accepted: 13 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Stryiński, Fiedorowicz, Mateos, Andronowska, Łopieńska-Biernat and CARRERA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Robert Stryiński, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.