ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Microbial Immunology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1508500
This article is part of the Research TopicStrategic Selection of Biologic Therapies in CRSwNP ManagementView all articles
Dupilumab treatment has no effect on the nasal microbiome in patients with NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD): a longitudinal pilot study
Provisionally accepted
Tina Bartosik1
Petra Pjevac2
Joana Séneca2Christina Morgenstern1Tamara Arnoldner1
Katharina Gangl1Christoph Sinz1
Nicholas James Campion1Aldine Tu1
Victoria Stanek1
Christine Bangert1
Sven Schneider1*
Julia Eckl-Dorna1- 1Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- 2University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) affects up to 10% of patients suffering from nasal polyps and has a severe impact on quality of life. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-4 receptor α chain, leads to symptom relief and reduction in nasal type 2 mediator levels. Here, we investigated the impact of dupilumab treatment on the composition and diversity of the nasal microbiome.Methodology: Nasal microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in 28 patients before, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after dupilumab therapy.Results: After stringent decontamination and removal of patients whose samples contained less than 500 reads at ≥ one of the four visits, full datasets from 8 out of 28 patients remained for downstream analysis of microbiome data. All 8 patients showed significant reduction in TPS (total polyp score; p=0.0078) and an improvement in SNOT-22 (Sino-nasal outcome test-22, a quality of life questionnaire; p=0.0781) after dupilumab therapy. During 24 weeks of dupilumab therapy, there were no major changes in microbiome diversity or composition observed (Shannon index: V1-V4:p-adj=0.25, Chao 1 Index V1-V4:p-adj=0.31), and only 2 out of 8 patients showed a decrease in staphylococci abundance.Conclusions: More than 70% of the samples did not pass quality control, this warrants further refinement of nasal microbiome sampling techniques and mandatory guidelines on stringent quality control for analysis of this low biomass data in future. Furthermore, dupilumab did not have an impact on microbiome diversity or composition.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, CRSwNP, N-ERD, Dupilumab, microbiome
Received: 09 Oct 2024; Accepted: 17 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bartosik, Pjevac, Séneca, Morgenstern, Arnoldner, Gangl, Sinz, Campion, Tu, Stanek, Bangert, Schneider and Eckl-Dorna. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Sven Schneider, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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