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BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. T Cell Biology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1488851
This article is part of the Research Topic New Avenues for the Development of Advanced Immunotherapies: Capitalizing on Studies of the B and T Cell Receptor Repertoire View all 7 articles

A large-scale database of T-cell receptor beta (TCR) sequences and binding associations from natural and synthetic exposure to SARS-CoV-2

Provisionally accepted
Sean Nolan Sean Nolan 1Marisa Vignali Marisa Vignali 1Mark Klinger Mark Klinger 1Jennifer N Dines Jennifer N Dines 1Ian M Kaplan Ian M Kaplan 1Emily Svejnoha Emily Svejnoha 1Tracy Craft Tracy Craft 1Katie Boland Katie Boland 1Mitchell W Pesesky Mitchell W Pesesky 1Rachel M Gittelman Rachel M Gittelman 1Thomas M Snyder Thomas M Snyder 1Christopher J Gooley Christopher J Gooley 2Simona Semprini Simona Semprini 3Claudio Cerchione Claudio Cerchione 4Fabio Nicolini Fabio Nicolini 5Massimiliano Mazza Massimiliano Mazza 4,5Ottavia Maria Delmonte Ottavia Maria Delmonte 6Kerry Dobbs Kerry Dobbs 6Gonzalo Carreño-Tarragona Gonzalo Carreño-Tarragona 7Santiago Barrio Santiago Barrio 7Vittorio Sambri Vittorio Sambri 3Giovanni Martinelli Giovanni Martinelli 4Jason D. Goldman Jason D. Goldman 8,9James Heath James Heath 10Luigi Daniele Notarangelo Luigi Daniele Notarangelo 6Joaquin Martinez-Lopez Joaquin Martinez-Lopez 7Bryan Howie Bryan Howie 1Jonathan M Carlson Jonathan M Carlson 2Harlan S Robins Harlan S Robins 1*
  • 1 Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States
  • 2 Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, United States
  • 3 Unit of Microbiology - The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina ITALY and DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
  • 4 IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, FC, Italy
  • 5 Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, FC, Italy
  • 6 Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  • 7 Hematology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, i+12, CNIO, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
  • 8 Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  • 9 Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  • 10 Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    We describe the establishment and current content of the ImmuneCODE™ database, which includes hundreds of millions of T-cell Receptor (TCR) sequences from over 1,400 subjects exposed to or infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as over 160,000 high-confidence SARS-CoV-2-specific associated TCRs. This database is made freely available, and the data contained in it can be used to assist with global efforts to understand the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and develop new interventions.

    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, T cell, TCR repertoire, immune response, Cellular immunity

    Received: 30 Aug 2024; Accepted: 23 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Nolan, Vignali, Klinger, Dines, Kaplan, Svejnoha, Craft, Boland, Pesesky, Gittelman, Snyder, Gooley, Semprini, Cerchione, Nicolini, Mazza, Delmonte, Dobbs, Carreño-Tarragona, Barrio, Sambri, Martinelli, Goldman, Heath, Notarangelo, Martinez-Lopez, Howie, Carlson and Robins. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Harlan S Robins, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.