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CASE REPORT article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1510069

Anlotinib Combined with Tislelizumab in the Treatment of Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report and Literature Review

Provisionally accepted
Xin Fei Xin Fei 1Zhong Zheng Zhong Zheng 2Zhen-Ya Zhao Zhen-Ya Zhao 3Da-Wei Ren Da-Wei Ren 3Su-Ying Wang Su-Ying Wang 4Shi-Jie Ye Shi-Jie Ye 1Lin-Chun Liang Lin-Chun Liang 5Da Li Da Li 6Xiao-Long Jia Xiao-Long Jia 2Qi Ma Qi Ma 2*
  • 1 Department of Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
  • 2 Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 3 Department of Radiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 4 Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 5 Mingzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
  • 6 Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommending etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP regimen) as the first-line treatment. However, the therapeutic effect is limited. For primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate that has failed EP regimen treatment, there is currently lack of relevant treatment methods. Here, we report a case with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate with multiple metastases, whose disease rapidly progressed despite receiving EP and second line systemic chemotherapy. Then he was given combination therapy of anlotinib and tislelizumab. After treatment, the patient's symptoms were controlled, tumor markers decreased, and imaging showed significant improvement. The patient has a progression-free survival time of more than 22 months and continues to receive treatment. This case is the first report that use of anlotinib combined with tislelizumab for the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate, providing a new therapeutic possibility for patients with this disease.

    Keywords: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, NEPC, case report, Anlotinib, tislelizumab, prostate cancer

    Received: 12 Oct 2024; Accepted: 02 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Fei, Zheng, Zhao, Ren, Wang, Ye, Liang, Li, Jia and Ma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Qi Ma, Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.