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REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders : Autoimmune Disorders
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1509956
This article is part of the Research Topic Next Generation Therapeutic Modality to Cure Autoimmune Diseases View all 6 articles

From Promise to Practice: CAR T and Treg Cell Therapies in Autoimmunity and

Provisionally accepted
Yannick Bulliard Yannick Bulliard 1Robert Freeborn Robert Freeborn 1Molly Javier Uyeda Molly Javier Uyeda 1Daryl Humes Daryl Humes 1Ryan Bjordhal Ryan Bjordhal 1David de Vries David de Vries 1Maria Grazia Roncarolo Maria Grazia Roncarolo 1,2*
  • 1 Tr1X, Inc., San Diego, United States
  • 2 Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Autoimmune diseases, characterized by the immune system's attack on the body's own tissues, affect 12 millions of people worldwide. Current treatments, which primarily rely on broad immunosuppression 13 and symptom management, are often associated with significant adverse effects and necessitate 14 lifelong therapy. This review explores the next generation of therapies for immune-mediated diseases, 15 including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell and regulatory T cell (Treg)-based approaches, which 16 offer the prospect of targeted, durable disease remission. Notably, we highlight the emergence of 17 CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapies, and their ability to drive sustained remission in B cell-mediated 18 autoimmune diseases, suggesting a possible paradigm shift. Further, we discuss the therapeutic 19 potential of Type 1 and FOXP3 + CAR Treg cells, which aim to achieve localized immune modulation 20 by targeting their activity to specific tissues or cell types, thereby minimizing the risk of generalized 21 immunosuppression. By examining the latest advances in this rapidly evolving field, we underscore 22 the potential of these innovative cell therapies to address the unmet need for long-term remission and 23 potential tolerance induction in individuals with autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. 24

    Keywords: Min.5-Max. 8): Tr1, Treg, Autoimmunity, CAR T, cell therapy, Tr1 cells

    Received: 11 Oct 2024; Accepted: 12 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Bulliard, Freeborn, Uyeda, Humes, Bjordhal, de Vries and Roncarolo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Tr1X, Inc., San Diego, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.