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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders : Autoimmune Disorders
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1508129
This article is part of the Research Topic Environmental Influences on Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Disease View all 3 articles

A Comprehensive, Population Level Evaluation of Previously Reported Drug Triggers of Pemphigus Highlights Immunomodulatory Capacity as a Common Characteristic

Provisionally accepted
Justin Baroukhian Justin Baroukhian Kristina Seiffert-Sinha Kristina Seiffert-Sinha Animesh A Sinha Animesh A Sinha *
  • University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Key Points Question: Can previously reported, largely anecdotal, associations between exposure to any of a comprehensive list of putative trigger drugs and the development of pemphigus be reproduced using population level data? Findings: In this series of observational, retrospective, case-control, pharmacovigilance analyses of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, the odds of reporting the adverse event pemphigus were significantly elevated among individuals exposed to 11/36 previously reported trigger drugs namely, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, piroxicam, rifampin, hydroxychloroquine, imiquimod, hydrochlorothiazide, irbesartan, lisinopril, nivolumab, and nifedipine. Meaning: Environmental exposures such as drugs are relevant players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and clinicians who treat patients with autoimmune blistering diseases such as pemphigus should consider performing a detailed medication history leveraging this information regarding deleterious drug-disease interactions at initial evaluation as well as longitudinal monitoring of patients to better inform clinical care decisions.

    Keywords: drug, medication, Pemphigus, Autoimmunity, Exposome, FAERS, environmental factors, autoimmune bullous disease

    Received: 08 Oct 2024; Accepted: 24 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Baroukhian, Seiffert-Sinha and Sinha. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Animesh A Sinha, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.