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REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Inflammation
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1505008

CD109, a Master Regulator of Inflammatory Responses

Provisionally accepted
Adel Batal Adel Batal 1,2Setareh Garousi Setareh Garousi 1,2Kenneth W Finnson Kenneth W Finnson 1,2Anie Philip Anie Philip 1,2*
  • 1 Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 2 Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Inflammation is a complex response to harmful stimuli, crucial for immunity, and linked to chronic diseases and cancer, with TGF-β and NF-κB pathways as key regulators. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, that our group has originally identified as a TGF-β co-receptor and inhibitor of TGF-β signaling. CD109 modulates TGF-β and NF-κB pathways, to influence immune responses and inflammation. CD109's multifaceted role in inflammation spans various tissue types, including the skin, lung, bone and bone-related tissues, and various types of cancers. CD109 exerts its effects by modulating processes such as cytokine secretion, immune cell recruitment, macrophage polarization, T helper cell function and cancer cell phenotype and function. Here, we review CD109's regulatory functions in inflammatory responses in these various tissues and cell types. Further exploration of CD109's mechanism of action will enhance our understanding of its contributions to disease pathology and its potential for therapeutic applications.

    Keywords: CD109, Inflammatory Response, TGF-β signaling, NF-κB signaling, Pathway crosstalk

    Received: 01 Oct 2024; Accepted: 23 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Batal, Garousi, Finnson and Philip. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Anie Philip, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.