Zhixiang Dong ^*

• Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

Dysbiosis of the lung microbiome has been implicated in promote the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC) is an important subtype of lung cancer that is increasingly diagnosed. However, the relationship between the pathogenesis of sMPLC and changes in the lung microbiome is unclear. In this study, clinical cohort analyses revealed that the development of sMPLC is associated with disturbances in the lung microbiome. Notably, the common oral microbe Streptococcus intermedius was significantly enriched in tumor tissues of sMPLC patients compared to adjacent non-tumorous lung tissue in our cohort. In vitro experiment showed, Streptococcus intermedius shortened the cell cycle, inhibited apoptosis, and regulated inflammatory signaling pathways in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, analyses of oral and gut microbiomes in different patient cohorts revealed a high correlation between oral microbiome imbalances and the lung microbiome in patients with sMPLC. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of sMPLC and identify potential microbial targets for therapeutic intervention..