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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1475280

Nanospheres as the Delivery Vehicle: Novel Application of Toxoplasma gondii ribosomal protein S2 in PLGA and Chitosan Nanospheres against acute Toxoplasmosis

Provisionally accepted
Weiyu Qi Weiyu Qi 1Youli Yu Youli Yu 2Chenchen Yang Chenchen Yang 1Xiaojuan Wang Xiaojuan Wang 1Yuchen Jiang Yuchen Jiang 1Zhengqing Yu Zhengqing Yu 1*Li Zhang Li Zhang 1*
  • 1 Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
  • 2 Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Region, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic disease that poses great harm to humans and animals. So far, no effective T. gondii vaccine has been developed to provide fully protection against such parasites. Recently, numerous researches have focused on the use of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) for the vaccines against T. gondii infections. In this study, we employed PLGA and CS as the vehicles for T. gondii ribosome protein (TgRPS2) delivery. TgRPS2-PLGA and TgRPS2-CS nanospheres were synthesized by double emulsion solvent evaporation and ionic gelation technique as the nano vaccines. Before immunization in animals, the release efficacy and toxicity of the synthesized nanospheres were evaluated in vitro. Then, ICR mice were immunized intramuscularly, and immune protections of the synthesized nanospheres were assessed. The results showed that TgRPS2-PLGA and TgRPS2-CS nanospheres could induce higher levels of IgG and cytokines, activate dendritic cells, and promote the expression of histocompatibility complexes. The splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the enhancement in the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were also observed in immunized animals. In addition, two types of nanospheres could significantly inhabit the replications of T. gondii in cardiac muscles and spleen tissues. All these obtained results in this study demonstrated that the TgRPS2 protein delivered by PLGA or CS nanospheres provided satisfactory immunoprotective effects in resisting T. gondii, and such formulations illustrated potential as prospective preventive agents for toxoplasmosis.

    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Ribosomal protein S2, nano vaccine, Chitosan, PLGA, immune protection

    Received: 03 Aug 2024; Accepted: 09 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Qi, Yu, Yang, Wang, Jiang, Yu and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Zhengqing Yu, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
    Li Zhang, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.