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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1466372
Immunogenicity of dupilumab in adult and pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis
Provisionally accepted- 1 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States
- 2 Sanofi (United States), Framingham, Massachusetts, United States
- 3 Sanofi España, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Background: Development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to monoclonal antibodies may adversely impact pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and/or safety.Objective: To describe incidence, titer, and persistence of dupilumab ADAs and NAbs, and their effects on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods: This analysis included seven phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled (N=2,992) and two longterm open-label extension (N=2,287) trials of subcutaneous dupilumab in adults and pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe AD. ADA, NAb, and dupilumab concentration in serum were assessed using validated immunoassays. ADA impacts on efficacy (EASI) and safety were assessed.Results: Treatment-emergent ADAs were observed in up to 8.6% (aged ≥18 years), 16.0% (12-17 years), 5.3% (6-11 years), and 2.0% (6 months to 5 years) dupilumab-treated patients. Among dupilumab-treated patients, ≤3.7% had persistent responses, <1% had high titers (≥10,000), and ≤5.1% were NAb-positive. NAbs were more common in patients with moderate-and high-titer ADA responses. High-titer ADAs, while infrequent, were the variable most associated with lower dupilumab concentrations in serum and loss of efficacy, independent of NAb status. Efficacy was generally similar in ADA-positive andnegative patients. For most patients with high-or moderate-titer ADAs, titers decreased and efficacy improved over time with continued dupilumab treatment. ADA-positive and -negative patients had similar incidences of treatment-emergent and serious treatment-emergent adverse events. One patient with high-titer ADAs developed serum sickness.In patients with AD, ADAs and NAbs had minimal impact on dupilumab concentration, efficacy, and safety, except for high-titer ADAs in a small number of patients.
Keywords: Anti-drug antibody, ADA, atopic dermatitis, Dupilumab, Immunogenicity, neutralizing antibody, nab, safety Confidential -Not for Public Consumption or Distribution NCT02277743
Received: 17 Jul 2024; Accepted: 09 Sep 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Kamal, Kosloski, Lai, Partridge, Rajadhyaksha, Kanamaluru, Bansal, Shabbir, Shumel, Ardeleanu, Richards, Yan, Xu, Rodríguez-Marco, Xiao, Khokhar, Gherardi, Babilonia, Maloney, Mortensen, Akinlade, Braunstein, Stahl, Torri, Davis and Dicioccio. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Mohamed A. Kamal, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, United States
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