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CASE REPORT article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1465678

Elevation of serum neurofilament light chain levels disclose possible occult progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution syndrome in a patient receiving ozanimod: a case report

Provisionally accepted
Carlos Quintanilla-Bordás Carlos Quintanilla-Bordás 1*David Górriz David Górriz 1Laura Cubas Núñez Laura Cubas Núñez 2Jéssica Castillo-Villalba Jéssica Castillo-Villalba 2Bonaventura Casanova Bonaventura Casanova 1Francisco Carlos Pérez-Miralles Francisco Carlos Pérez-Miralles 1
  • 1 La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
  • 2 La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Valencia, Spain

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: We report the first case of findings suggestive of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune restitution syndrome (PML-IRIS) in a patient with multiple sclerosis receiving ozanimod preceded by an unexpected increase in the serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels.Case report: A 57-year-old-woman treated with ozanimod for the last eight years presented during surveillance MRI with findings compatible with PML-IRIS. Overt clinical symptoms were absent. sNfL levels increased 4 months earlier and peaked at presentation. Lymphocyte count nadired at 330 /mL 8 months earlier.The case illustrates the utility of sNfL levels for PML surveillance in patients receiving immunosuppressors.

    Keywords: neurofilament light (NfL) chain, Ozanimod (PubChem CID: 52938427), PML - progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, IRIS - immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis

    Received: 21 Jul 2024; Accepted: 23 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Quintanilla-Bordás, Górriz, Cubas Núñez, Castillo-Villalba, Casanova and Pérez-Miralles. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Carlos Quintanilla-Bordás, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain

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