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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1465238

Immunophenotyping characteristics and clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients treated with azvudine during the Omicron surge

Provisionally accepted
Meihua  Qiu Meihua Qiu 1Xiaogang  Song Xiaogang Song 1Qianqian  Zhang Qianqian Zhang 2Shenchun  Zou Shenchun Zou 1Lingling  Pang Lingling Pang 1Xueyuan  Nian Xueyuan Nian 3*
  • 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
  • 2 Department of Imaging, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
  • 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Abstract Background: Little is known about immunophenotyping characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with azvudine during the Omicron variant surge. Methods: This study enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from December 2022 to February 2023. The primary outcome was defined as all-cause mortality, along with a composite outcome reflecting disease progression. The enrolled patients were followed for a period of 60 days from their admission. Results: A total of 268 COVID-19 patients treated with azvudine were enrolled in this retrospective study. The study found that the counts of lymphocyte subsets were significantly reduced in the composite outcome and all-cause mortality groups compared to the non-composite outcome and discharge groups (all p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between lymphocyte subsets cell counts and inflammatory markers levels. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified low CD4+ T cell count as the most significant predictor of disease progression and all-cause mortality among the various lymphocyte subsets. Additionally, both the Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that low CD4+ T cell count level (< 156.00 cells/μl) was closely associated with all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients treated with azvudine. Conclusions: A low CD4+ T cell count may serve as a significant predictive indicator for identifying COVID-19 patients receiving azvudine treatment who are at an elevated risk of experiencing adverse outcomes. These findings may offer valuable insights for physicians in optimizing the administration of azvudine.

    Keywords: Lymphocyte Subsets, Cd4 + t cell, COVID-19, azvudine, Mortality

    Received: 16 Jul 2024; Accepted: 08 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Qiu, Song, Zhang, Zou, Pang and Nian. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Xueyuan Nian, Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.