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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1460442
Single-cell transcriptome atlas of peripheral immune features to Omicron breakthrough infection under booster vaccination strategies
Provisionally accepted
Yuwei Zhang
1
Shanshan Han
2*
Qingshuai Sun
2*
Tao Liu
3
Zixuan Wen
4
Mingxiao Yao
1*
Shu Zhang
1
Qing Duan
1
Xiaomei Zhang
1*
Bo Pang
1
Zengqiang Kou
1*
Xiaolin Jiang
1*- 1 Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- 2 School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- 3 Yantai Disease Prevention and Control Center, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
- 4 School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
The high percentage of Omicron breakthrough infection in vaccinees is an emerging problem, of which we have a limited understanding of the phenomenon. We performed single-cell transcriptome coupled with T-cell/B-cell receptor (TCR/BCR) sequencing in 15 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from Omicron infection and naï ve with booster vaccination. We found that after breakthrough infection, multiple cell clusters showed activation of the type I IFN pathway and widespread expression of Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs); T and B lymphocytes exhibited antiviral and proinflammatoryrelated differentiation features with pseudo-time trajectories; and large TCR clonal expansions were concentrated in effector CD8 T cells, and clonal expansions of BCRs showed a preference for IGHV3.In addition, myeloid cells in the BA.5.2 breakthrough infection with the fourth dose of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV were characterized by enhanced proliferation, chemotactic migration, and antigen presentation. Collectively, our study informs the comprehensive understandings of immune characterization for Omicron breakthrough infection, revealing the positive antiviral potential induced by booster doses of vaccine and the possible "trained immunity" phenomenon in the fourth dose of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, providing a basis for the selection of vaccination strategies.
Keywords: COVID-19, omicron, Booster vaccination, Breakthrough infection, ScRNA-seq, peripheral immune responses
Received: 06 Jul 2024; Accepted: 13 Dec 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Han, Sun, Liu, Wen, Yao, Zhang, Duan, Zhang, Pang, Kou and Jiang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Shanshan Han, School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
Qingshuai Sun, School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
Mingxiao Yao, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
Xiaomei Zhang, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
Zengqiang Kou, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
Xiaolin Jiang, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
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