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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1457785
This article is part of the Research Topic Innovative Strategies for Salmonella Disease Vaccines and Profiling of Their Immunogenicity View all 3 articles

The use of controlled human infection models to identify correlates of protection for invasive Salmonella vaccines

Provisionally accepted

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Controlled human infection model (CHIM) studies, which involve deliberate exposure of healthy human volunteers to an infectious agent, are recognised as important tools to advance vaccine development. These studies not only facilitate estimates of vaccine efficacy, but also offer an experimental approach to study disease pathogenesis and profile vaccine immunogenicity in a controlled environment, allowing correlation with clinical outcomes. Consequently, the data from CHIMs can be used to identify immunological correlates of protection (CoP), which can help accelerate vaccine development. In the case of invasive Salmonella infections, vaccination offers a potential instrument to prevent disease. Invasive Salmonella disease, caused by the enteric fever pathogens Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. Paratyphi A, B and C, and nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS), remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, resulting in over 200,000 deaths and the loss of 15 million DALYs annually. CHIM studies have contributed to the understanding of S. Typhi infection and provided invaluable insight into the development of vaccines and CoP following vaccination against S. Typhi. However, CoP are less well understood for S. Paratyphi A and iNTS. This brief review focuses on the contribution of vaccine-CHIM trials to our understanding of the immune mechanisms associated with protection following vaccines against invasive Salmonella pathogens, particularly in relation to CoP.

    Keywords: Salmonella Typhi (S Typhi), enteric fever (EF), human challenge model, Correlate of protection., Vaccine, Immunogenicity, Salmonella, Controlled Human Infection Model

    Received: 01 Jul 2024; Accepted: 08 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 McCann, Paganotti Vicentine, Kim and Pollard. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Naina McCann, Oxford Vaccine Group, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.