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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455730
A head-to-head comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses of five COVID-19 vaccines in adults in China
Provisionally accepted
Xu Han
1,2
Hongxing Pan
3
Pengfei Jin
3
Mingwei Wei
3
Siyue Jia
3
Wenjuan Wang
3
Kai Chu
3
Shuyu Gao
3
Li Zhou
3
Jingxin Li
1,3*
Fengcai Zhu
1,3*- 1 Global Health Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- 2 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control And Prevention, Nanjing, China
- 3 Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Liaoning Province, China
Various COVID-19 vaccine trials have shown that vaccines can successfully prevent symptomatic cases of help to better understand the immune response characteristics of different COVID-19 vaccines in humans. We randomly selected 20 participants from each of five ongoing Phase Ⅱ trials of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, SARS-CoV-2specific immune responses to DNA vaccine (INO-4800), mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2), Adenovirusvectored vaccine (CONVIDECIA), Protein subunit vaccine (Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cells)), Inactivated Vaccine (KCONVAC) were examined longitudinally in healthy adults between Jan 15, 2021 and July 5, 2021 for 6 months. RBD-IgG titres were detected by ELISA, neutralising antibody titer were detected by pseudoviral neutralization and immune cell response were detected by flow cytometry. At the first visit (V1), 100% of individuals who received the BNT162b2, CONVIDECIA, or KCONVAC vaccines experienced seroconversion of neutralizing and binding antibodies in the serum. Except for the Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cells) vaccine havingthe highest neutralizing antibody GMT at the second visit (although there was no statistically significant difference in geometric mean titers between V1 and V2), the rest of the vaccines had the highest levels of binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies at V1. The neutralizing antibodies GMT of all vaccines showed a significant decrease at V3 compared to V1. The neutralizing antibody GMT against the omicron variant of all vaccines at V1 showed a significant decrease compared to the wild strain. We observed statistically significant differences in Tcm cells and RBD-specific memory B cells among various vaccines.
Keywords: head-to-head1, humoral immune2, cellular immune3, COVID-19 vaccines4, SARS-CoV-2 Variant
Received: 27 Jun 2024; Accepted: 25 Jul 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Han, Pan, Jin, Wei, Jia, Wang, Chu, Gao, Zhou, Li and Zhu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jingxin Li, Global Health Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
Fengcai Zhu, Global Health Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
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