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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Parasite Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455454
EXPLORING THE NATURAL ACQUIRED RESPONSE TO Pvs47 GAMETOCYTE ANTIGEN
Provisionally accepted- 1 Apicomplexa Research Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
- 2 Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- 3 Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- 4 René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- 5 Laboratory of Parasitology and Monitoring of Vector Arthropods in the Amazon, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
- 6 Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- 7 Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane (ILMD/Fiocruz Amazônia), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- 8 Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
Malaria represents a challenging global public health task, with Plasmodium vivax being the predominant parasite in Brazil and the most widely distributed species throughout the world. Developing a vaccine against P. vivax malaria demands innovative strategies, and targeting gametocyte antigens shows promise for blocking transmission prevention. Among these antigens, Pvs47, expressed in gametocytes, has shown remarkable efficacy in transmission blocking. However, remains underexplored in vaccine formulations. This study employed in silico methods to comprehensively characterize the physicochemical properties, structural attributes, epitope presence, and conservation profile of Pvs47. Additionally, we assessed its antigenicity in individuals exposed to malaria in endemic Brazilian regions. Recombinant protein expression occurred in a eukaryotic system, and antigenicity was evaluated using immunoenzymatic assays. The responses of naturally acquired IgM, total IgG, and IgG subclasses were analyzed in three groups of samples from Amazon region. Notably, all samples exhibited anti-Pvs47 IgM and IgG antibodies, with IgG3 predominating. Asymptomatic patients demonstrated stronger IgG responses and more diverse subclass responses. Anti-Pvs47 IgM and IgG responses in symptomatic individuals decrease over time. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation between anti-Pvs47 IgM response and gametocytemia in samples of symptomatic patients, indicating a gametocyte-specific response. Additionally, negative correlation was observed among anti-Pvs47 antibody response and hematocrit levels. Furthermore, comparative analysis with widely characterized blood antigens, PvAMA1 and PvMSP119, revealed that Pvs47 was equally or more recognized than both proteins. In addition, there is positive correlation between P. vivax blood asexual and sexual stage immune responses. In summary, our study unveils a significant prevalence of anti-Pvs47 antibodies in diverse Amazonian samples and the importance of IgM response for gametocytes depuration. These findings regarding the in silico characterization and antigenicity of Pvs47 provide crucial insights for potential integration into P. vivax vaccine formulations.
Keywords: Antigenicity, Pvs47, Gametocyte, transmission blocking, Vaccine, Plasmodium vivax Malaria
Received: 26 Jun 2024; Accepted: 05 Sep 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Soares da Veiga, Donassolo, Forcellini, Ferraboli, Kujbida Junior, Nisimura, Bassai, Kessler, Serpeloni, Bittencourt, Salazar, Guimarães, Louzada, Barros, Pinto Lopes, Carvalho, Nóbrega De Sousa, Kano, Costa, Fanini Wowk and Albrecht. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Letusa Albrecht, Apicomplexa Research Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
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