AUTHOR=Wu Jie , Wang Hanyang , Liao Jianling , Ke Linfu , Lu Deqiu , Deng Bo , Xu Ziwei 

TITLE=Mitigation effects of plant carbon black on intestinal morphology, inflammation, antioxidant status, and microbiota in piglets challenged with deoxynivalenol

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=15

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1454530

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2024.1454530

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Plant carbon black (PCB) is a new feed additive for zearalenone adsorption in China. However, information regarding whether PCB can effectively absorb deoxynivalenol (DON) is limited.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>To explore this research gap, the present study examined the adsorption effectiveness of DON by PCB using a phosphate buffer, artificial gastric juice, and artificial intestinal juice. In a 21-day <italic>in vivo</italic> trial, 48 male piglets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: (1) uncontaminated basal diet (CTR), (2) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg PCB(PCB), (3) 2.3 mg/kg DON-contaminated diet (DON), and (4) 2.3 mg/kg DON-contaminated diet supplemented with 0.1% PCB (DON+PCB).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>When DON concentration was 1 µg/mL, the adsorption rate of PCB on DON in phosphate buffer systems (pH 2.0 and 6.0) and the artificial gastric and intestinal juices were 100%, 100%, 71.46%, and 77.20%, respectively. In the <italic>in vivo</italic> trial, the DON group significantly increased the DON+deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) content in serum as well as the inflammation cytokine proteins (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and longchain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 in the jejunum and ileum. It decreased the villus height, goblet cells, mucosal thickness, and mRNA expression of Claudin-1 compared to the CTR group. In addition, DON decreased the Shannon and Simpson indices; reduced the relative abundances of <italic>Firmicutes</italic>, <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>, <italic>Candidatus_Saccharimonas</italic>, and <italic>Ruminococcus</italic>; and increased the relative abundances of <italic>Terrisporobacter</italic> and <italic>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</italic> in the cecal content.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>In conclusion, these results suggest that PCB showed high adsorption efficacy on DON <italic>in vitro</italic>, and exhibit the protective effects against various intestinal toxicity manifestations in DON-challenged piglets.</p></sec>