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REVIEW article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1443290

Single Chain Fragment Variable, A New Theranostic Approach for Cardiovascular Diseases

Provisionally accepted
Rukhshan Zahid Rukhshan Zahid Juncheng Wang Juncheng Wang Zecheng Cai Zecheng Cai Ayesha Ishtiaq Ayesha Ishtiaq Meng Liu Meng Liu Ma Dan Ma Dan Yan Liang Yan Liang Yuekang Xu Yuekang Xu *
  • School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a significant global health challenge, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advancements in CVD management, pharmaceutical treatments often suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and high toxicity. With the rapid progress of modern molecular biology and immunology, however, single-chain fragment variable (scFv) molecule engineering has emerged as a promising theranostic tool to offer specificity and versatility in targeting CVD-related antigens. To represent the latest development on the potential of scFv in the context of CVDs, this review summarized the new mechanism of action and applications as therapeutic, as well as diagnostic agents. Furthermore, the advantages of scFv, including its small size, ease of modification, and ability to be engineered for enhanced affinity and specificity, are also described. Finally, such challenges as immunogenicity, stability, and scalability, alongside strategies to overcome these hurdles, are deeply scrutinized to provide safer and more effective strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of the incurable CVDs.

    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Single-chain fragment variable, diagnostics, Therapeutics, Antibody engineering

    Received: 03 Jun 2024; Accepted: 26 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zahid, Wang, Cai, Ishtiaq, Liu, Dan, Liang and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Yuekang Xu, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.