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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: Autoinflammatory Disorders
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1440370

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Coronary Heart Disease in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Based on Peripheral Blood IL-6 and Treg Percentages

Provisionally accepted
Xiaoyang Wang Xiaoyang Wang Lei Huang Lei Huang Bin Hu Bin Hu Bin Yang Bin Yang Ruipeng Wei Ruipeng Wei Bao Li Bao Li *Shuling Rong Shuling Rong *
  • Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: This study aims to establish and evaluate a risk prediction model for coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) based on peripheral blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg%). This model is intended to facilitate the timely identification of high-risk patients and the implementation of preventive measures. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 120 pSS patients who visited the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between November 2021 and September 2023. Patients were classified into pSS and pSS-CHD groups according to CHD diagnostic criteria. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels were assessed using flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent risk factors, and a nomogram was constructed based on these factors. The model's discriminatory ability, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Results: The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified several independent risk factors for CHD in pSS patients: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR=1.1, P=0.019), triglycerides (TG) (OR=3.67, P=0.041), IL-6 (OR=1.29, P=0.048), and Treg% (OR=0.25, P=0.004). A nomogram incorporating these factors demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96, indicating excellent predictive performance, and showed good calibration (P=0.599), suggesting significant clinical applicability. Furthermore, Treg% exhibited a negative correlation with cholesterol (CHOL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, while IL-6 showed a positive correlation with CHOL and LDL levels. TG was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion: This study successfully developed a risk prediction model based on peripheral blood IL-6 and Treg% levels, providing critical evidence for the early identification and personalized prevention of CHD in pSS patients, with potential clinical implications.

    Keywords: primary Sjögren's syndrome, coronary heart disease, nomogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Triglycerides, Interleukins, Percentage of peripheral blood regulatory T cells

    Received: 29 May 2024; Accepted: 06 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Wang, Huang, Hu, Yang, Wei, Li and Rong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Bao Li, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
    Shuling Rong, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.