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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1430214

Long COVID symptoms 6 months after acute infection among people living with HIV and people not living with HIV

Provisionally accepted
Qing Li Qing Li 1*Yijie Ma Yijie Ma 1Peng He Peng He 2*Dongqiong Chen Dongqiong Chen 3*Tingrui Zhang Tingrui Zhang 3Xiaoying Wang Xiaoying Wang 4*Ying Xu Ying Xu 3*Peiming Li Peiming Li 3*Weibo Wen Weibo Wen 3*Zefeng Wang Zefeng Wang 5*
  • 1 Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
  • 2 Rehabilitation Department, Tengchong People's Hospital, Yunnan, China
  • 3 School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
  • 4 Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
  • 5 College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Chronic viral infections, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),and their reactivation are considered potential contributing factors to Long-COVID (LC).However, research on the long-term sequelae of Long-COVID in individuals with HIV is limited. Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving a total of 84 participants categorised into two groups: people living with HIV (PLWH) and people not living with HIV (PNLWH) within the six-month post-infection LC population. Differences in sequelae symptoms, cardiovascular biomarkers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibodies (SARS-CoV-2 nAb) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17) were analysed between the two groups. Results: After 6 months of infection, PLWH exhibited significantly higher serum levels of ACE2, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 (P < 0.01, respectively) compared to PNLWH with COVID-19. Additionally, sequelae symptoms were more pronounced in PNLWH, and there were no differences in serum levels of between the two groups (P > 0.05, respectively).Conclusion: PLWH had lower symptoms of LC and reduced frequency of symptoms, increased cardiovascular risk factors, and no differences in levels of inflammation or SARS-CoV-2 nAb levels when compared to PNLWH.

    Keywords: Keyword：COVID-19, human immunodeficiency virus, Long-covid, Symptoms, Cardiovascular biomarkers

    Received: 01 Jun 2024; Accepted: 25 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Li, Ma, He, Chen, Zhang, Wang, Xu, Li, Wen and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Qing Li, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
    Peng He, Rehabilitation Department, Tengchong People's Hospital, Yunnan, China
    Dongqiong Chen, School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
    Xiaoying Wang, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
    Ying Xu, School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
    Peiming Li, School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
    Weibo Wen, School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
    Zefeng Wang, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.