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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1426413

Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia

Provisionally accepted
Habtamu Abebe Getahun Habtamu Abebe Getahun 1*Diliab Desta Diliab Desta 2Assefa Legesse Sisay Assefa Legesse Sisay 2Ahmed Johar Ahmed Johar 3Israel Bekele Molla Israel Bekele Molla 2Kebenesa Angasu Kebenesa Angasu 2Samuel Hunegnaw Samuel Hunegnaw 4Nebiyou Simegnew Nebiyou Simegnew 2Minale Fekadie Minale Fekadie 2
  • 1 Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 2 Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
  • 3 Wollo University, Dessie, Amhara, Ethiopia
  • 4 Tibebe Gihon Specialized and Comprehensive Hospital, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. A sample of Nasopharyngeal Swab (NP Swab) was used from the patients with COVID-19 demonstrate serious clinical symptoms and disturbances in biochemical parameters. The biochemical profiles of patients remain ambiguous and differ from wave to wave of COVID-19 infections. Here in, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study with 538 patients with COVID-19 at six COVID-19 treatment centers in Ethiopia.Professional data collectors collected the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to assess the relationships between continuous and categorical parameters across waves. In total, 240 and 298 patients were included from the first and second waves, respectively. Males and individuals aged 53-69 years were more likely to be infected in each wave. The average alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) and sodium levels (p = 0.035) significantly differed between patients across the two waves of COVID-19; the significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase levels of patients between the two waves was -45.425. All symptoms of COVID-19 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the waves of the pandemic. Patients in both waves had no comorbidities with chronic diseases. This study showed that the average alkaline phosphatase and sodium levels differed significantly across the first two waves of the pandemic at six COVID-19 treatment centers in

    Keywords: biochemical profiles, waves, COVID-19, Patients, Ethiopia

    Received: 01 May 2024; Accepted: 19 Nov 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Getahun, Desta, Sisay, Johar, Molla, Angasu, Hunegnaw, Simegnew and Fekadie. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Habtamu Abebe Getahun, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

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