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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Systems Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418625

Circulating monocyte populations as biomarker for abdominal aortic aneurysms: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Provisionally accepted
Johannes Klopf Johannes Klopf Branislav Zagrapan Branislav Zagrapan Annika Brandau Annika Brandau Peter Lechenauer Peter Lechenauer Catharina J. Candussi Catharina J. Candussi Patrick Rossi Patrick Rossi Nihan D. Celem Nihan D. Celem Michael Ziegler Michael Ziegler Lukas Fuchs Lukas Fuchs Hubert Hayden Hubert Hayden Claus G. Krenn Claus G. Krenn Wolf-Hans Eilenberg MD, PhD, FEBVS Wolf-Hans Eilenberg MD, PhD, FEBVS Christoph Neumayer Christoph Neumayer Christine Brostjan Christine Brostjan *
  • Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development is driven by inflammation, in particular myeloid cells, which represent attractive biomarker candidates. Yet to date, the maximum aortic diameter is the only clinically applied predictor of AAA progression and indicator for surgical repair. We postulated that aortic inflammation is reflected in a systemic change of monocyte populations, which we investigated regarding marker potential in AAA diagnosis and prognosis.We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study in a diagnostic setting, measuring monocyte subsets by flow cytometry in peripheral blood samples of 47 AAA patients under surveillance, matched with 25 healthy controls and 25 patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). In a prognostic setting, we acquired longitudinal data of 60 AAA patients including aneurysm growth assessment by computed tomography at 6-month intervals.Results: Blood levels of total monocytes, CD16 + monocytes and particularly intermediate monocytes were significantly increased in AAA patients versus healthy individuals and were also elevated compared to PAD patients. The combination of intermediate monocyte and D-dimer blood levels outperformed the individual diagnostic marker values. Additionally, the elevated concentrations of total monocytes, intermediate monocytes, and monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPA) were suited to predict rapid AAA progression over short-term periods of six months. Of note, MPA were identified as independent predictor of AAA disease progression in multivariable analysis.Circulating monocyte subsets are elevated in AAA patients and support diagnosis and prediction of aneurysm progression. Monocyte subsets and D-dimer reflect different hallmarks (inflammation and hemostasis) of AAA pathology and when combined, may serve as improved biomarker.

    Keywords: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, biomarker, diagnosis, intermediate monocytes, Monocyte-platelet aggregates, prognosis

    Received: 16 Apr 2024; Accepted: 05 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Klopf, Zagrapan, Brandau, Lechenauer, Candussi, Rossi, Celem, Ziegler, Fuchs, Hayden, Krenn, Eilenberg MD, PhD, FEBVS, Neumayer and Brostjan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Christine Brostjan, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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