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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416715
This article is part of the Research Topic Changes in T cell populations and cytokine production in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals; their role in prognosis View all 18 articles

Predictive Biomarkers of Mortality in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit

Provisionally accepted
Sandrelli Meridiana d. dos Santos Medeiros Sandrelli Meridiana d. dos Santos Medeiros 1,2Bruna Maria N. Sousa Lino Bruna Maria N. Sousa Lino 3Vinicius Perez Vinicius Perez 4,5Eduardo S. Sousa Eduardo S. Sousa 4,6Eloiza H. Campana Eloiza H. Campana 7,8Fabio Miyajima Fabio Miyajima 10,9Wlisses Carvalho-Silva Wlisses Carvalho-Silva 11Naiara N. Dejani Naiara N. Dejani 12,13Matheus S. De Sousa Fernandes Matheus S. De Sousa Fernandes 14Fatma Hilal Yagin Fatma Hilal Yagin 15*Fahaid AL-Hashem Fahaid AL-Hashem 16Safaa M. Elkholi Safaa M. Elkholi 17*Hanan Alyami Hanan Alyami 18Fabricio O. Souto Fabricio O. Souto 19*
  • 1 Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
  • 2 2Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LABIMOL), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 3 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Eusébio, Ceará,, Brazil
  • 4 Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LABIMOL), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 5 Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCS/UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 6 Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCM/UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 7 Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 8 2Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LABIMOL), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCM/UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 9 Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Brazil
  • 10 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
  • 11 Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
  • 12 2Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (LABIMOL), Centro de Ciências Médicas,, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 13 4Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCS/UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
  • 14 1Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
  • 15 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Malatya, Türkiye
  • 16 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
  • 17 10Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 18 Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428., Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
  • 19 Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objectives: This study was performed to identify predictive markers of worse outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 in an intensive care unit. Methods: Sixty patients with severe COVID-19, hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between March and July 2021, were stratified into two groups according to the outcome survivors and non-survivors. After admission to the ICU, blood samples were collected directly for biomarker analysis. Routine hematological and biochemical biomarkers, as well as serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, and immunoglobulins, were investigated. Results: Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and thrombocytopenia were more pronounced in non-surviving patients, while the levels of CRP, AST, creatinine, ferritin, AST, troponin I, urea, magnesium, and potassium were higher in the non-surviving group than the survival group. In addition, serum levels of IL-10, CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were significantly increased in patients who did not survive. These changes in the biomarkers evaluated were associated with increased mortality in patients with severe COVID-19.

    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Intensive Care Unit, Critically ill patient, Cytokines, Chemokines

    Received: 12 Apr 2024; Accepted: 12 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 dos Santos Medeiros, Sousa Lino, Perez, Sousa, Campana, Miyajima, Carvalho-Silva, Dejani, De Sousa Fernandes, Yagin, AL-Hashem, Elkholi, Alyami and Souto. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Fatma Hilal Yagin, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, 44280, Malatya, Türkiye
    Safaa M. Elkholi, 10Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Fabricio O. Souto, Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.