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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388812
Challenging boundaries: Is cross-protection evaluation necessary for African swine fever vaccine development? A case of oral vaccination in wild boar
Provisionally accepted- 1 Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- 2 Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Valdeolmos, Spain
African swine fever (ASF) poses a severe threat to both domestic pig and wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations. The current epidemiological situation of the disease is more alarming than ever, impacting countries across five continents and causing devastating losses in the swine industry. Intensified efforts and extensive research have been undertaken to develop an effective and safe vaccine, but achieving this goal has proven exceptionally challenging. Live attenuated viruses (LAVs) have emerged as the most promising option for providing the highest level of protection against experimental challenges. However, the genetic and phenotypic variability of the virus leads to a vast diversity of ASF virus (ASFV) isolates, each with differences in virulence and distinct serotypes. Thus, LAVs may exhibit a limited ability to cross-protect against different ASFV isolates. This study sheds light on the limitations of a natural LAV (Lv17/WB/Rie1), known for its efficacy against a partially heterologous and highly virulent isolate (Arm07; II genotype), revealing its incomplete effectiveness against a much more phylogenetically distant virus (Ken06.Bus; IX genotype). These findings cast doubt on the feasibility of a universal vaccine against ASFV in the short term, underscoring the crucial need to establish the effectiveness limits of vaccine candidates against ASFV.
Keywords: African Swine Fever, Control disease, cross-protection, virus, Vaccine, wild boar
Received: 20 Feb 2024; Accepted: 27 Aug 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Cadenas-Fernández, Barroso-Arévalo, Kosowska, Gallardo, Rodríguez, Bosch, Sánchez-Vizcaíno and Barasona. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Sandra Barroso-Arévalo, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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