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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. Viral Immunology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332444
This article is part of the Research Topic Animal Viruses: Pathogenesis, Immune Escape, Spatio-Temporal Evolution, Vaccines, and Cross-Species Transmission View all 11 articles

Intra-and Inter-host Origin, Evolution Dynamics and Spatial-temporal Transmission Characteristics of Circoviruses

Provisionally accepted
Yongqiu Cui Yongqiu Cui Siting Li Siting Li Weiyin Xu Weiyin Xu Jiali Xie Jiali Xie Dedong Wang Dedong Wang Hou Lei Hou Lei Jianwei Zhou Jianwei Zhou Xufei Feng Xufei Feng Jue Liu Jue Liu *
  • Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Since their identification in 1974, circoviruses have caused clinicopathological diseases in various animal species, including humans. However, their origin, transmission, and genetic evolution remain poorly understood. Here, the evolutionary origin, mode of transmission, and genetic recombination of the circovirus were determined based on the available circovirus genome sequences. The origin of circoviruses can be traced back to fish circovirus, which might derive from fish genome, and human contributes to transmission of fish circovirus to other species. Furthermore, mosquitos, ticks, bats, and/or rodents might play a role as intermediate hosts in circovirus intra-and inter-species transmission. Two major lineages (A and B) of circoviruses are identified, and frequent recombination events accelerate their variation and spread. The time to the most recent common ancestor of circoviruses can be traced back to around A.D. 600 and has been evolving at a rate of 10 -4 substitutions site -1 year - 1 for a long time. These comprehensive findings shed light on the evolutionary origin, population dynamics, transmission model, and genetic recombination of the circovirus providing valuable insights for the development of prevention and control strategies against circovirus infections.

    Keywords: Circovirus, Evolutionary origin, phylodynamics, transmission, Genetic recombination

    Received: 02 Nov 2023; Accepted: 22 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Cui, Li, Xu, Xie, Wang, Lei, Zhou, Feng and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Jue Liu, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China

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