AUTHOR=Dremova Olga , Mimmler Maximilian , Paeslack Nadja , Khuu My Phung , Gao Zhenling , Bosmann Markus , Garo Lucien P. , Schön Nathalie , Mechler Alexa , Beneich Yunes , Rebling Vivian , Mann Amrit , Pontarollo Giulia , Kiouptsi Klytaimnistra , Reinhardt Christoph 

TITLE=Sterility testing of germ-free mouse colonies

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275109

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275109

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>In biomedical research, germ-free and gnotobiotic mouse models enable the mechanistic investigation of microbiota-host interactions and their role on (patho)physiology. Throughout any gnotobiotic experiment, standardized and periodic microbiological testing of defined gnotobiotic housing conditions is a key requirement. Here, we review basic principles of germ-free isolator technology, the suitability of various sterilization methods, and the use of sterility testing methods to monitor germ-free mouse colonies. We also discuss their effectiveness and limitations, and share the experience with protocols used in our facility. In addition, possible sources of isolator contamination are discussed and an overview of reported contaminants is provided.</p>