AUTHOR=Zhao Mingming , Lin Zhongyang , Zheng Zhihong , Yao Defu , Yang Shen , Zhao Yongzhen , Chen Xiuli , Aweya Jude Juventus , Zhang Yueling 

TITLE=The mechanisms and factors that induce trained immunity in arthropods and mollusks

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241934

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241934

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Besides dividing the organism’s immune system into adaptive and innate immunity, it has long been thought that only adaptive immunity can establish immune memory. However, many studies have shown that innate immunity can also build immunological memory through epigenetic reprogramming and modifications to resist pathogens’ reinfection, known as trained immunity. This paper reviews the role of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications and describes the molecular foundation in the trained immunity of arthropods and mollusks. Mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications complement each other and play a key role in trained immunity.</p>