Peri-implantitis is an infectious/inflammatory disease with similar clinical and radiographic features to periodontitis. Overwhelming evidence confirmed that periodontitis causes elevations in systemic inflammatory mediators; this is unclear for peri-implantitis. Hence, this study aimed to appraise all available evidence linking peri-implantitis with systemic inflammation.
A systematic review was completed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eight electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Scopus, LILACS, and China Online),
A total of 27 full-text articles were retrieved, and 11 clinical studies were included in the final analyses. All evidence gathered demonstrated a consistent association between peri-implantitis and systemic inflammation. Patients with peri-implantitis exhibited higher levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (standard mean difference (SMD): 4.68, 98.7% CI: 2.12 to 7.25), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (weighted mean difference (WMD): 6.27 pg/mL, 0% CI: 5.01 to 7.54), and white blood cell counts (WMD: 1.16 * 103/μL, 0% CI: 0.61 to 1.70) when compared to participants without peri-implantitis.
Peri-implantitis is associated with higher systemic inflammation as assessed by serum CRP, IL-6, and white blood cell counts. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of this association.