AUTHOR=Das Sayan , Howlader Debaki R. , Lu Ti , Whittier Sean K. , Hu Gang , Sharma Simran , Dietz Zackary K. , Ratnakaram Siva S. K. , Varisco David J. , Ernst Robert K. , Picking William D. , Picking Wendy L. 

TITLE=Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of nanoparticle formulations of L-SseB against Salmonella infection

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208848

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208848

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Salmonella enterica</italic>, a Gram-negative pathogen, has over 2500 serovars that infect a wide range of hosts. In humans, <italic>S. enterica</italic> causes typhoid or gastroenteritis and is a major public health concern. In this study, SseB (the tip protein of the <italic>Salmonella</italic> pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system) was fused with the LTA1 subunit of labile-toxin from enterotoxigenic <italic>E. coli</italic> to make the self-adjuvanting antigen L-SseB. Two unique nanoparticle formulations were developed to allow multimeric presentation of L-SseB. Mice were vaccinated with these formulations and protective efficacy determined <italic>via</italic> challenging the mice with <italic>S. enterica</italic> serovars. The polysaccharide (chitosan) formulation was found to elicit better protection when compared to the squalene nanoemulsion. When the polysaccharide formulation was used to vaccinate rabbits, protection from <italic>S. enterica</italic> challenge was elicited. In summary, L-SseB in a particulate polysaccharide formulation appears to be an attractive candidate vaccine capable of broad protection against <italic>S. enterica.</italic></p>