AUTHOR=Wang Chao , Peng Xuan-xian , Li Hui 

TITLE=Fructose potentiates the protective efficiency of live Edwardsiella tarda cell vaccine

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170166

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170166

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infection by pathogens. Live vaccines have higher protective efficacy than inactivated vaccines. However, how live vaccines interact with the host from a metabolic perspective is unknown. The present study aimed to explore whether a live <italic>Edwardsiella tarda</italic> vaccine regulates host metabolism and whether this regulation is related to the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Therefore, a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolomic profile of mice serum after vaccination with live <italic>E. tarda</italic> vaccine. Fructose was identified as a key biomarker that contributes to the immune protection induced by the live vaccine. Moreover, co-administration of exogenous fructose and the live vaccine synergistically promoted survival of mice and fish after bacterial challenge. These results indicate that metabolites, especially fructose, can potentiate the live <italic>E. tarda</italic> vaccine to increase its protective efficiency.</p>