AUTHOR=Sousa Emanuella S. A. , Queiroz Luiz A. D. , Guimarães João P. T. , Pantoja Kamilla C. , Barros Rafael S. , Epiphanio Sabrina , Martins Joilson O. 

TITLE=The influence of high glucose conditions on macrophages and its effect on the autophagy pathway

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130662

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130662

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Macrophages are central cells in mediating the inflammatory response.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective and Methods</title><p>We evaluated the effect of high glucose conditions on the inflammatory profile and the autophagy pathway in Bone-Marrow Derived Macrophages (BMDM) from diabetic (D-BMDM) (alloxan: 60mg/kg, i.v.) and non-diabetic (ND-BMDM) C57BL/6 mice. BMDM were cultured in medium with normal glucose (5.5 mM), or high glucose (25 mM) concentration and were primed with Nigericin (20µM) stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) at times of 30 minutes; 2; 4; 6 and 24 hours, with the measurement of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We have further identified changes in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, where BMDM showed increased secretion of these cytokines after LPS + Nigericin stimulation. In addition, changes were observed in the autophagy pathway, where the increase in the autophagic protein LC3b and Beclin-1 occurred by macrophages of non-diabetic animals in hyperglycemic medium, without LPS stimulation. D-BMDM showed a reduction on the expression of LC3b and Beclin-1, suggesting an impaired autophagic process in these cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The results suggest that hyperglycemia alters the inflammatory pathways in macrophages stimulated by LPS, playing an important role in the inflammatory response of diabetic individuals.</p></sec>