AUTHOR=Guo Zhangyan , Zhang Rui , Yang An-Gang , Zheng Guoxu 

TITLE=Diversity of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121285

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121285

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Finding effective treatments for cancer remains a challenge. Recent studies have found that the mechanisms of tumor evasion are becoming increasingly diverse, including abnormal expression of immune checkpoint molecules on different immune cells, in particular T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages and others. In this review, we discuss the checkpoint molecules with enhanced expression on these lymphocytes and their consequences on immune effector functions. Dissecting the diverse roles of immune checkpoints in different immune cells is crucial for a full understanding of immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors.</p>