AUTHOR=Roep Bart O. TITLE=The need and benefit of immune monitoring to define patient and disease heterogeneity, mechanisms of therapeutic action and efficacy of intervention therapy for precision medicine in type 1 diabetes JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=14 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112858 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112858 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

The current standard of care for type 1 diabetes patients is limited to treatment of the symptoms of the disease, insulin insufficiency and its complications, not its cause. Given the autoimmune nature of type 1 diabetes, immunology is critical to understand the mechanism of disease progression, patient and disease heterogeneity and therapeutic action. Immune monitoring offers the key to all this essential knowledge and is therefore indispensable, despite the challenges and costs associated. In this perspective, I attempt to make this case by providing evidence from the past to create a perspective for future trials and patient selection.