AUTHOR=Liu Pan , Yan Hui , Li Haizhe , Zhang Chunhua , Li Yanfang TITLE=Overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis and multiple sclerosis: A case report and literature review JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=14 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088801 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1088801 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune-mediated disease characterized by complicated neuropsychiatric symptoms and the detection of cerebrospinal fluid antibodies against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. With the proposed clinical method, more anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients have been discovered since its first report. However, anti-NMDAR encephalitis overlapping with multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare. Herein we report a male patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who developed MS in mainland China. Furthermore, we summarized the characteristics of patients who were diagnosed with overlapping MS and anti-NMDAR encephalitis in previous studies. Additionally, we pioneered the use of mycophenolate mofetil in immunosuppressive therapy, providing a novel therapeutic alternative for overlapping anti-NMDAR encephalitis and MS.