AUTHOR=Cai Liuyang , Gao Peigen , Wang Zeyu , Dai Chenyang , Ning Ye , Ilkit Macit , Xue Xiaochun , Xiao Jinzhou , Chen Chang 

TITLE=Lung and gut microbiomes in pulmonary aspergillosis: Exploring adjunctive therapies to combat the disease

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.988708

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.988708

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Species within the <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. cause a wide range of infections in humans, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and are associated with high mortality rates. The incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) is on the rise, and the emergence of triazole-resistant <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. isolates, especially <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic>, limits the efficacy of mold-active triazoles. Therefore, host-directed and novel adjunctive therapies are required to more effectively combat PA. In this review, we focus on PA from a microbiome perspective. We provide a general overview of the effects of the lung and gut microbiomes on the growth of <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. and host immunity. We highlight the potential of the microbiome as a therapeutic target for PA.</p>