AUTHOR=Schneider Francis , Le Borgne Pierrick , Herbrecht Jean-Etienne , Danion François , Solis Morgane , Hellé Sophie , Betscha Cosette , Clere-Jehl Raphaël , Lefebvre François , Castelain Vincent , Goumon Yannick , Metz-Boutigue Marie-Hélène
TITLE=Assessment of plasma Catestatin in COVID-19 reveals a hitherto unknown inflammatory activity with impact on morbidity-mortality
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology
VOLUME=13
YEAR=2022
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.985472
DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.985472
ISSN=1664-3224
ABSTRACT=IntroductionNeuroendocrine cells release Catestatin (CST) from Chromogranin A (CgA) to regulate stress responses. As regards COVID-19 patients (COVID+) requiring oxygen supply, to date nobody has studied CST as a potential mediator in the regulation of immunity.
Patients & MethodsAdmission plasma CST and CgA - its precursor - concentrations were measured (ELISA test) in 73 COVID+ and 27 controls. Relationships with demographics, comorbidities, disease severity and outcomes were analysed (Mann-Whitney, Spearman correlation tests, ROC curves).
ResultsAmong COVID+, 49 required ICU-admission (COVID+ICU+) and 24 standard hospitalization (COVID+ICU-). Controls were either healthy staff (COVID-ICU-, n=11) or (COVID-ICU+, patients n=16). Median plasma CST were higher in COVID+ than in controls (1.6 [1.02; 3.79] vs 0.87 [0.59; 2.21] ng/mL, p<0.03), with no difference between COVID+ and COVID-ICU+. There was no difference between groups in either CgA or CST/CgA ratios, but these parameters were lower in healthy controls (p<0.01). CST did not correlate with either hypoxia- or usual inflammation-related parameters. In-hospital mortality was similar whether COVID+ or not, but COVID+ had longer oxygen support and more complications (p<0.03). CST concentrations and the CST/CgA ratio were associated with in-hospital mortality (p<0.01) in COVID+, whereas CgA was not. CgA correlated with care-related infections (p<0.001).
ConclusionRespiratory COVID patients release significant amounts of CST in the plasma making this protein widely available for the neural regulation of immunity. If confirmed prospectively, plasma CST will reliably help in predicting in-hospital mortality, whereas CgA will facilitate the detection of patients prone to care-related infections.