AUTHOR=Ge Xinqi , Xu Manyu , Cheng Tong , Hu Nan , Sun Pingping , Lu Bing , Wang Ziheng , Li Jian 

TITLE=TP53I13 promotes metastasis in glioma via macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts and is a potential prognostic biomarker

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.974346

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.974346

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>TP53I13 is a protein coding tumor suppression gene encoded by the tumor protein p53. Overexpression of <italic>TP53I13</italic> impedes tumor cell proliferation. Nevertheless, <italic>TP53I13</italic> role and expression in the emergence and progression of glioma (low-grade glioma and glioblastoma) are yet to be identified. Thus, we aim to use comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to investigate TP53I13 and its prognostic value in gliomas.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Multiple databases were consulted to evaluate and assess the expression of <italic>TP53I13</italic>, such as the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), GeneMANIA, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive. <italic>TP53I13</italic> expression was further explored using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the biological functions of <italic>TP53I13</italic> and metastatic processes associated with it were studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The expression of <italic>TP53I13</italic> was higher in tumor samples compared to normal samples. In samples retrieved from the TCGA and CGGA databases, high <italic>TP53I13</italic> expression was associated with poor survival outcomes. The analysis of multivariate Cox showed that <italic>TP53I13</italic> might be an independent prognostic marker of glioma. It was also found that increased expression of <italic>TP53I13</italic> was significantly correlated with PRS type, status, 1p/19q codeletion status, IDH mutation status, chemotherapy, age, and tumor grade. According to CIBERSORT (Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcript), the expression of <italic>TP53I13</italic> correlates with macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. GSEA shows a close correlation between <italic>TP53I13</italic> and p53 signaling pathways, DNA replication, and the pentose phosphate pathway.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our results reveal a close correlation between <italic>TP53I13</italic> and gliomas. Further, <italic>TP53I13</italic> expression could affect the survival outcomes in glioma patients. In addition, <italic>TP53I13</italic> was an independent marker that was crucial in regulating the infiltration of immune cells into tumors. As a result of these findings, <italic>TP53I13</italic> might represent a new biomarker of immune infiltration and prognosis in patients with gliomas.</p></sec>