AUTHOR=Chen Zihao , Wei Junfeng , Jiang Li , Ying Dong , Tian Weikun , Zhang Mengyang , Wen Guiping , Wang Siling , Liu Chang , Wang Yingbin , Wu Ting , Tang Zimin , Zheng Zizheng , Yan Li , Xia Ningshao 

TITLE=Case Report: Chronic hepatitis E in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: The first report of hepatitis E virus genotype 4 causing chronic infection in a non-solid organ recipient

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.954697

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.954697

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of important public health issue around the world, and chronic HEV infection has been reported in immunosuppressed individuals. This study reported a male case, with very severe aplastic anemia (AA), developed chronic hepatitis E after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT). Abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) appeared since HSCT and persisted for 27 months. The case was seropositive for anti-HEV IgG and IgM after HSCT. Twenty-two months after HSCT, HEV nucleic acid and antigen (HEV RNA and Ag) testing were positive and persisted for 5 and 10 months, respectively. Positive stains of HEV Ag were present in liver biopsy sample. The case rapidly developed liver cirrhosis and was rescued by a regimen of oral ribavirin. These suggested the risk of HEV infection in HSCT recipients should be concerned.