AUTHOR=Gibellini Lara , De Biasi Sara , Meschiari Marianna , Gozzi Licia , Paolini Annamaria , Borella Rebecca , Mattioli Marco , Lo Tartaro Domenico , Fidanza Lucia , Neroni Anita , Busani Stefano , Girardis Massimo , Guaraldi Giovanni , Mussini Cristina , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Cossarizza Andrea TITLE=Plasma Cytokine Atlas Reveals the Importance of TH2 Polarization and Interferons in Predicting COVID-19 Severity and Survival JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.842150 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.842150 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

Although it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory response contributes to COVID-19 immunopathogenesis, the pathways and mechanisms driving disease severity and clinical outcome remain poorly understood. In the effort to identify key soluble mediators that characterize life-threatening COVID-19, we quantified 62 cytokines, chemokines and other factors involved in inflammation and immunity in plasma samples, collected at hospital admission, from 80 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease who were stratified on the basis of clinical outcome (mechanical ventilation or death by day 28). Our data confirm that age, as well as neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, procalcitonin, D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase are strongly associated with the risk of fatal COVID-19. In addition, we found that cytokines related to TH2 regulations (IL-4, IL-13, IL-33), cell metabolism (lep, lep-R) and interferons (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ) were also predictive of life-threatening COVID-19.