AUTHOR=de Almeida Felipe Campos , Berzoti-Coelho Maria G. , Toro Diana Mota , Cacemiro Maira da Costa , Bassan Vitor Leonardo , Barretto Gabriel Dessotti , Garibaldi Pedro Manoel Marques , Palma Leonardo Carvalho , de Figueiredo-Pontes Lorena Lobo , Sorgi Carlos Arterio , Faciolli Lucia Helena , Gardinassi Luiz Gustavo , de Castro Fabíola Attié TITLE=Bioactive Lipids as Chronic Myeloid Leukemia’s Potential Biomarkers for Disease Progression and Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=Volume 13 - 2022 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.840173 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.840173 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that expresses the Philadelphia chromosome and constitutively activated Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) do not definitively cure all CML patients. The efficacy of TKI is reduced in CML patients in the blastic phase—the most severe phase of the disease—and resistance to this drug has emerged. There is limited knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of disease progression and resistance to TKI beyond BCR-ABL1, as well as on the impact of TKI treatment and disease progression on the metabolome of CML patients. The present study reports the metabolomic profiles of CML patients at different phases of the disease treated with TKI. The plasma metabolites from CML patients were analyzed using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics. Distinct metabolic patterns were identified for CML patients at different phases of the disease and for those who were resistant to TKI. The lipid metabolism in CML patients at advanced phases and TKI-resistant patients is reprogrammed, as detected by analysis of metabolomic data. CML patients who were responsive and resistant to TKI therapy exhibited distinct enriched pathways. In addition, ceramide levels were higher and sphingomyelin levels were lower in resistant patients compared with control and CML groups. Taken together, the results here reported established metabolic profiles of CML patients who progressed to advanced phases of the disease and failed to respond to TKI therapy as well as patients in remission. In the future, an expanded study on CML metabolomics may provide new potential prognostic markers for disease progression and response to therapy.