AUTHOR=Dong Yong , Li Qijun  , Li Da , Fang Yong , Wang Chongwei 

TITLE=Whole-Process Treatment of Combined Small Cell Lung Cancer Initially Diagnosed as “Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma”: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.831698

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.831698

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>The rarity and complexity of histology lead to the low diagnosis rate and high misdiagnosis rate of combined small cell lung cancer (C-SCLC). Nowadays, C-SCLC has no commonly recommended therapeutic regimen, mainly conforming to SCLC treatment. Here, we report a patient initially diagnosed as IIIA “lung squamous cell carcinoma” by a small specimen. Radical resection was achieved after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, and the final surgical pathology was C-SCLC containing three different histological components. Moreover, in the literature review, we explored the therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in C-SCLC, expounded the therapeutic conflicts among heterogeneous components, and analyzed the pathology complexity at the tissue, cell, and molecule levels in-depth, including possible genetic characteristics, origin, and evolution by next-generation sequencing (NGS).</p>